Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest a sugar called lactose that’s found mainly in milk and dairy products.

Normally, the small intestine produces an enzyme called lactase, which breaks down lactose into two simple sugars, glucose and galactose, that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. People whose bodies don’t make enough lactase can’t fully digest lactose, causing mild to uncomfortable side effects.

Some people have a higher chance of being lactose intolerant. These groups include Hispanics, African Americans, Asians and people of Jewish descent. It also affects adults more than children, since the body produces less lactase enzyme as people age.

What are the symptoms of lactose intolerance?

• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Gas
• Bloating

These symptoms can be mild or severe depending on the amount of lactose consumed and the degree of lactase deficiency. Some people who produce small amounts of lactase may be able to tolerate small servings of dairy products and other foods containing lactose. Symptoms appear anywhere from 30 minutes to two hours after eating dairy.

How is lactose intolerance diagnosed?

Lactose intolerance can be difficult to diagnose through symptoms alone, as similar symptoms may be caused by other conditions. The best way to confirm the condition is through formal testing. And if you don’t have lactose intolerance, testing can point to other conditions that may be causing discomfort.

The most common self-diagnosis test used to measure the absorption of lactose in the digestive system is the dairy digestion test. If this test indicates you may be lactose intolerant, you should confirm the diagnosis with your doctor.

How is lactose intolerance treated?

• Be aware of what foods contain lactose. Note that some dairy foods are better tolerated than others, such as yogurt and other fermented dairy products, and hard, aged cheeses.
• Observe the amount of lactose you eat.
• Use LACTAID^® Brand products to prevent dairy discomfort.